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1920 Alabama coal strike
The 1920 Alabama coal strike, or the Alabama miners' strike,〔http://norrit1.tripod.com/afl-cio/1920.htm〕 was a statewide strike of the United Mine Workers of America against coal mine operators. The strike was marked by racial violence, and ended in significant defeat for the union.
== Conditions ==
The strike was officially authorized by UMW president John L. Lewis to begin on September 7, and as many as 15,000 of the 27,000 coal miners in the state stopped work.〔The emergence of the new South, 1913–1945, Volume 10 By George Brown Tindall〕〔History of the Labor Movement in the United States: The T.U.E.L. to the end ... By Philip Sheldon Foner, page 228〕 UMW vice-president Van Bittner was sent to the state to oversee the effort.
One main union demand was for union recognition, and one fundamental obstacle to union recognition was the fact that the UMW was racially integrated. Popular opinion was turned against the strikers almost immediately, particularly the disapproving black middle class, who saw racial solidarity and cooperation with capitalists as their only route to economic self-defense.〔Race, class, and power in the Alabama coalfields, 1908–21 By Brian Kelly, page 174〕
Major operators in Alabama's coalfields were also still using convict labor under abominable conditions with no salary cost whatsoever, the convict leasing system, described by some as "Slavery by Another Name". Mines of the Tennessee Coal, Iron and Railroad Company had phased out convict leasing five years after its acquisition by U.S. Steel, but the mines controlled by Sloss Furnaces and Pratt Consolidated continued the practice until 1926.
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